Forskningsartikler

Abstarct:

The cerebellum is linked to motor coordination, cognitive and affective processing, in addition to a wide range of clinical illnesses. To enable robust quantification of individual cerebellar anatomy relative to population norms, we mapped the normative development and aging of the cerebellum across the lifespan using brain scans of >54,000 participants. We estimated normative models at voxel-wise spatial precision, enabling integration with cerebellar atlases. Applying the normative models in independent samples revealed substantial heterogeneity within five clinical illnesses: autism spectrum disorder, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Notably, individuals with autism spectrum disorder and mild cognitive impairment exhibited increased positive and negative extreme deviations in cerebellar anatomy, while those with schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease showed predominantly negative deviations. Finally, extreme deviations were associated with cognitive scores. Our results provide a voxel-wise mapping of cerebellar anatomy across the human lifespan demonstrating the cerebellum’s nuanced role in different clinical illnesses.

Milin Kim, Esten Leonardsen, Saige Rutherford, Geir Selbæk, Karin Persson, Nils Eiel Steen, Olav B. Smeland, Torill Ueland, Geneviève Richard, Christian F. Beckmann, Andre F. Marquand, Ole A. Andreassen, Lars T. Westlye, Thomas Wolfers & Torgeir Moberget

Key messages

Two new modifiable risk factors for dementia New evidence supports adding vision loss and high cholesterol as potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia to the 12 risk factors identified in our 2020 Lancet Commission (ie, less education, head injury, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, hearing loss, depression, infrequent social contact, and air pollution).

Gill Livingston, Jonathan Huntley, Kathy Y Liu, Sergi G Costafreda, Geir Selbæk, Suvarna Alladi, David Ames, Sube Banerjee, Alistair Burns, Carol Brayne, Nick C Fox, Cleusa P Ferri, Laura N Gitlin, Robert Howard, Helen C Kales, Mika Kivimäki, Eric B Larson, Noeline Nakasujja, Kenneth Rockwood, Quincy Samus, Kokoro Shirai, Archana Singh-Manoux, Lon S Schneider, Sebastian Walsh, Yao Yao, Andrew Sommerlad, Naaheed Mukadam